16 / 2002
Sanja Čikić
Connecting of Slovenes around the woeld with the Help of the Internet: Establishing Virtual Ethnic CommunitiesABSTRACT
The present text problematises the connecting of Slovene emigrants abroad among themselves and with the homeland. Connecting in the era of rapid development of informational communication technology is given new dimensions, which we here attempt to enlighten. Through the sociological viewpoint on diaspora we present the life of the individual in diaspora, resorting to the division of the viewpoint of the individual, and the viewpoint of the emigrant community. Thus we try to deal with the life of emigrants through seeking connections between the following dimensions: being integrated into an environment, mastering Slovene language, preserving ethnic identity, need for ethnic socializing, nostalgia of the individual and least but not last the activeness of part-taking in virtual ethnic communities. With the help of theoretic stand-points we define the mentioned connections and empirically verify them. Presented are the results of the poll, which the emigrants answered over the internet. We ascertain that a statistically typical connectedness exists between the activeness of cooperating in virtual ethnic communities and the degree of integratedness of an individual into the environment in which one at present lives, the need for ethnic socializing, and the nostalgia of the individual. On the basis of collected data we attempt to deduce on actual existence of Slovene virtual ethnic communities.
16 / 2002
Sanja Čikić
Connecting of Slovenes around the woeld with the Help of the Internet: Establishing Virtual Ethnic CommunitiesABSTRACT
The present text problematises the connecting of Slovene emigrants abroad among themselves and with the homeland. Connecting in the era of rapid development of informational communication technology is given new dimensions, which we here attempt to enlighten. Through the sociological viewpoint on diaspora we present the life of the individual in diaspora, resorting to the division of the viewpoint of the individual, and the viewpoint of the emigrant community. Thus we try to deal with the life of emigrants through seeking connections between the following dimensions: being integrated into an environment, mastering Slovene language, preserving ethnic identity, need for ethnic socializing, nostalgia of the individual and least but not last the activeness of part-taking in virtual ethnic communities. With the help of theoretic stand-points we define the mentioned connections and empirically verify them. Presented are the results of the poll, which the emigrants answered over the internet. We ascertain that a statistically typical connectedness exists between the activeness of cooperating in virtual ethnic communities and the degree of integratedness of an individual into the environment in which one at present lives, the need for ethnic socializing, and the nostalgia of the individual. On the basis of collected data we attempt to deduce on actual existence of Slovene virtual ethnic communities.
16 / 2002
Barbara Verlič Christensen
Are Migrations Revolving National Labor Markets of European Union?ABSTRACT
The paper is analysing the conflicting trends between non-economic immigration flows and persistent unemployment rates of denizens within the last decades in EU countries. Some demographic and labour market migration theories are challenged. Abortive integration policies keep on disregarding ethnic and class resources of immigrants, thus rising the social costs for governments. Undocumented immigration, residency and work is increasing within service sectors, as well as grey economy prosper. At the same vein the access to ethnic economy and/or selfemployment of immigrants remains restricted and unsupported by governments in EU.
The present conflicting migration trends can hardly be resolved within national immigration policies, but rather require global interventions and international solutions. In the short run, national governments could promote higher mobility of denizens within the common labour market of EU. They should give assistance and sustain ethnic organizations and ethnic economy. Governments could supplement the human resources of denizens (recognising theirs education and skills), as well as giving them access to voting rights, in order to facilitate naturalisation.
16 / 2002
Barbara Verlič Christensen
Are Migrations Revolving National Labor Markets of European Union?ABSTRACT
The paper is analysing the conflicting trends between non-economic immigration flows and persistent unemployment rates of denizens within the last decades in EU countries. Some demographic and labour market migration theories are challenged. Abortive integration policies keep on disregarding ethnic and class resources of immigrants, thus rising the social costs for governments. Undocumented immigration, residency and work is increasing within service sectors, as well as grey economy prosper. At the same vein the access to ethnic economy and/or selfemployment of immigrants remains restricted and unsupported by governments in EU.
The present conflicting migration trends can hardly be resolved within national immigration policies, but rather require global interventions and international solutions. In the short run, national governments could promote higher mobility of denizens within the common labour market of EU. They should give assistance and sustain ethnic organizations and ethnic economy. Governments could supplement the human resources of denizens (recognising theirs education and skills), as well as giving them access to voting rights, in order to facilitate naturalisation.
16 / 2002
Teja Pribac
Bert Pribac’s Spiritual Development as Reflected in his PoetryABSTRACT
“Since greatness in literature is beyond my reach I devote myself to writing the truth about myself and the world around me, the truth, such as seen through my eyes. I can only give what I have. I had neither time nor fervor to aspire to something more.” These are the modest words of Bert Pribac on his literary efforts, quoted from “Zakaj pišem pesmi” (Why I Write Poetry; Svobodni razgovori, X/3, 1993, 8). As Pribac points out, his poetry reflects his perceptions, sensations and viewpoints on issues and people. Therefore, his poetry enlightens us as to his spiritual growth from his youth to the old age.
Youthful playfulness is cut short by the enforced decision to follow the path of wanderers, beggars and perpetual pilgrims of the world. Consequently, the beginnings of his life as an emigrant are characterised by pain and despair, caused by the realisation that he lost his home, friends and the most intimate moments of his life.
After his desperate hope for suitable life under the Southern Cross dies, the poet is driven to console himself with dreams. Dreams alone can conjure up the homey atmosphere of his beloved Istra. However, the Istra of his youth acquires the strongly idealised features, reflecting his wishes and hopes. It was a long time before Pribac abandoned his dreams of the lost paradise, forgot his grief and accepted the fact that Istra shows no greater kindness to her children than Australia shows to hers. To be brought face to face with the cruel and inexorable reality that denied him the opportunity to live in harmony with the spirit and the truth was a harsh blow for the poet.
But as he was suffocating in the dark abyss of loneliness and hopelessness, he discovered a path his instincts told him would lead to salvation. He realized his aspirations weren't directed to Istra or any other place in the world. Emigration wasn't what brought him far from home. Displacement was a direct result of his human nature, tainted by sin. This is one of the main themes od his second Australian period. Consequently, he'll be a stranger everywhere in this world, as his kingdom wasn't on Earth. Pribac discovered God: God is the one, who can give him shelter, as God is and will remain his home.
But God cannot be reached directly, but rather only through love for everything in his creation and the absolute devotion of soulmates in the vortex of religious eroticism. In his paradise rediscovered, Pribac found a soulmate with whom he could share the holiest experience of our being.
16 / 2002
Teja Pribac
Bert Pribac’s Spiritual Development as Reflected in his PoetryABSTRACT
“Since greatness in literature is beyond my reach I devote myself to writing the truth about myself and the world around me, the truth, such as seen through my eyes. I can only give what I have. I had neither time nor fervor to aspire to something more.” These are the modest words of Bert Pribac on his literary efforts, quoted from “Zakaj pišem pesmi” (Why I Write Poetry; Svobodni razgovori, X/3, 1993, 8). As Pribac points out, his poetry reflects his perceptions, sensations and viewpoints on issues and people. Therefore, his poetry enlightens us as to his spiritual growth from his youth to the old age.
Youthful playfulness is cut short by the enforced decision to follow the path of wanderers, beggars and perpetual pilgrims of the world. Consequently, the beginnings of his life as an emigrant are characterised by pain and despair, caused by the realisation that he lost his home, friends and the most intimate moments of his life.
After his desperate hope for suitable life under the Southern Cross dies, the poet is driven to console himself with dreams. Dreams alone can conjure up the homey atmosphere of his beloved Istra. However, the Istra of his youth acquires the strongly idealised features, reflecting his wishes and hopes. It was a long time before Pribac abandoned his dreams of the lost paradise, forgot his grief and accepted the fact that Istra shows no greater kindness to her children than Australia shows to hers. To be brought face to face with the cruel and inexorable reality that denied him the opportunity to live in harmony with the spirit and the truth was a harsh blow for the poet.
But as he was suffocating in the dark abyss of loneliness and hopelessness, he discovered a path his instincts told him would lead to salvation. He realized his aspirations weren't directed to Istra or any other place in the world. Emigration wasn't what brought him far from home. Displacement was a direct result of his human nature, tainted by sin. This is one of the main themes od his second Australian period. Consequently, he'll be a stranger everywhere in this world, as his kingdom wasn't on Earth. Pribac discovered God: God is the one, who can give him shelter, as God is and will remain his home.
But God cannot be reached directly, but rather only through love for everything in his creation and the absolute devotion of soulmates in the vortex of religious eroticism. In his paradise rediscovered, Pribac found a soulmate with whom he could share the holiest experience of our being.
16 / 2002
Marjan Drnovšek
Slovenian Communist Party’s Treatment of Political Emigration Before 1991ABSTRACT
Between 1945 and 1991, the Slovenian political emigration was under observation from both the repressive agencies and the Communist Party. The Party and other political organisations kept a close eye on emigrants’ activities and tried to suppress their influence in Slovenia and in emigrant circles. The „iron-fist“ period was followed by a „mellower“ period. At first, the term political emigrant was used for everyone who left Yugoslavia (e.g. in 1950’s). Later on, the term was used for an increasingly small circle of intellectuals and political activists. Repression against them was to be used until the fall of communism. Yugoslavian and Slovenian legal framework condoned such treatment, especially in stemming the information flow. In spite of this, emigrants stayed in contact with their home country, but such contacts often caused persecution or enforced isolation. The well-preserved archive materials enable us to examine behind-the-scenes planning and activities of the Party, pertaining to the Slovenian political emigrants.
16 / 2002
Marjan Drnovšek
Slovenian Communist Party’s Treatment of Political Emigration Before 1991ABSTRACT
Between 1945 and 1991, the Slovenian political emigration was under observation from both the repressive agencies and the Communist Party. The Party and other political organisations kept a close eye on emigrants’ activities and tried to suppress their influence in Slovenia and in emigrant circles. The „iron-fist“ period was followed by a „mellower“ period. At first, the term political emigrant was used for everyone who left Yugoslavia (e.g. in 1950’s). Later on, the term was used for an increasingly small circle of intellectuals and political activists. Repression against them was to be used until the fall of communism. Yugoslavian and Slovenian legal framework condoned such treatment, especially in stemming the information flow. In spite of this, emigrants stayed in contact with their home country, but such contacts often caused persecution or enforced isolation. The well-preserved archive materials enable us to examine behind-the-scenes planning and activities of the Party, pertaining to the Slovenian political emigrants.
16 / 2002
Irena Gantar Godina
Josip Vuga – A Slovene Learned Man in Česke BudejoviceABSTRACT
The contribution is about in the Slovene history overlooked Slovene intellectual, publicist and professor Josip Vuga who lived from 1918 until his death in Bohemia. As a great advocator of the Slavic and Yugoslav idea, and of Slovene-Czech friendship Vuga was active in bringing to realization those ideas until his health allowed him to. While he was, during his studying years, that is before the Great War, acquainting exhaustively the Czechs with circumstances in Slovenia, Vuga has been after the war, beside his professorial work, active (he was as well among the founders) in the Czech-Yugoslav committee in the frame of which he held numerous lectures an events, and was publishing the newspaper Jugoslovansko kolo. After the year 1920 Vuga focused in his contributions mainly on acquainting the Czechs with the problematic of Slovene minorities.
16 / 2002
Irena Gantar Godina
Josip Vuga – A Slovene Learned Man in Česke BudejoviceABSTRACT
The contribution is about in the Slovene history overlooked Slovene intellectual, publicist and professor Josip Vuga who lived from 1918 until his death in Bohemia. As a great advocator of the Slavic and Yugoslav idea, and of Slovene-Czech friendship Vuga was active in bringing to realization those ideas until his health allowed him to. While he was, during his studying years, that is before the Great War, acquainting exhaustively the Czechs with circumstances in Slovenia, Vuga has been after the war, beside his professorial work, active (he was as well among the founders) in the Czech-Yugoslav committee in the frame of which he held numerous lectures an events, and was publishing the newspaper Jugoslovansko kolo. After the year 1920 Vuga focused in his contributions mainly on acquainting the Czechs with the problematic of Slovene minorities.