ABSTRACT
The notion literary returning comprises the process of at first gradual and later radically accelerated returning of Slovene emigrant literature to the source space in the last good two decades. The contribution deals with the question of the definition of national literature, which arises again and again in connection with the problem of inclusion of foreign-language emigrant literature into the source culture.

ABSTRACT
The notion literary returning comprises the process of at first gradual and later radically accelerated returning of Slovene emigrant literature to the source space in the last good two decades. The contribution deals with the question of the definition of national literature, which arises again and again in connection with the problem of inclusion of foreign-language emigrant literature into the source culture.

ABSTRACT
The author presents some essential issues of the research on migrations in Poland from the year 1989 on. The contribution presents the burning problem of the relation of the society, the public and the government reactions towards new and massive forms of migrations, for example the Vietnamese ethnic group and the runaways. Short-term “visits” of foreigners from the neighbouring states, who are offering services on the informal labour market, are as well considered migrations. Szymanska attempts to classify the forms of migrations, and statistically and normatively define them. Analysed are some conditions for the immigration of different categories of migrants, which the government is enforcing in the originating legislation. A description of an interesting case of ethnic economy of permanently immigrated Vietnamese is presented. The characteristic of the present policy of the government is inconsistency, superficiality and lack of a long-term perspective in regulating the migration phenomena. Also acquainting the public is either absent or unsatisfactory. The research is still in course, and at this point the author is content with setting questions for which she hopes to find answers to, and to elaborate references for the government.

ABSTRACT
The author presents some essential issues of the research on migrations in Poland from the year 1989 on. The contribution presents the burning problem of the relation of the society, the public and the government reactions towards new and massive forms of migrations, for example the Vietnamese ethnic group and the runaways. Short-term “visits” of foreigners from the neighbouring states, who are offering services on the informal labour market, are as well considered migrations. Szymanska attempts to classify the forms of migrations, and statistically and normatively define them. Analysed are some conditions for the immigration of different categories of migrants, which the government is enforcing in the originating legislation. A description of an interesting case of ethnic economy of permanently immigrated Vietnamese is presented. The characteristic of the present policy of the government is inconsistency, superficiality and lack of a long-term perspective in regulating the migration phenomena. Also acquainting the public is either absent or unsatisfactory. The research is still in course, and at this point the author is content with setting questions for which she hopes to find answers to, and to elaborate references for the government.

ABSTRACT
Migrations of worker’s currents across state borders confront nations with conflict relations to questions on cultural and economic status of the population at growing demands for work. In the United States of America the law on immigration- the fundamental instrument of the government for the control of borders of its country offered the answer. In defence before non-documented immigrations the government of the USA adopted a series of laws and put into force new strategies to control the effects of immigration on domestic market of labour force. But those strategies, which are to the protect the labour market, can cause disadvantageous consequences on it when not considering the civil legal rights of individuals within the same labour market. Those strategies can as well affect the individual outside labour force market in an unpredictable and negative way. The text thus analyses the interacting influences of the immigration and legal civil rights, and the consequences of that relation on the labour market, in both ways. Firstly, we are opening the question of the role of civil rights of individuals in the reformation of the immigration law (Act of 1986), which interdicted the employers to employ people to whom the state does grant the right to employ themselves. Attention is also directed on analysing the situation of victims of non-documented “transport of people” and of the law Violence Protection Act of 2000.

ABSTRACT
Migrations of worker’s currents across state borders confront nations with conflict relations to questions on cultural and economic status of the population at growing demands for work. In the United States of America the law on immigration- the fundamental instrument of the government for the control of borders of its country offered the answer. In defence before non-documented immigrations the government of the USA adopted a series of laws and put into force new strategies to control the effects of immigration on domestic market of labour force. But those strategies, which are to the protect the labour market, can cause disadvantageous consequences on it when not considering the civil legal rights of individuals within the same labour market. Those strategies can as well affect the individual outside labour force market in an unpredictable and negative way. The text thus analyses the interacting influences of the immigration and legal civil rights, and the consequences of that relation on the labour market, in both ways. Firstly, we are opening the question of the role of civil rights of individuals in the reformation of the immigration law (Act of 1986), which interdicted the employers to employ people to whom the state does grant the right to employ themselves. Attention is also directed on analysing the situation of victims of non-documented “transport of people” and of the law Violence Protection Act of 2000.

ABSTRACT
Differences in the degree of unemployment among the native and the immigrated population are characteristic for the whole Europe. Particularly big are those differences in Sweden. The presented results are the product of two researches of posts that by tradition employed a large number of less qualified immigrants, and where decrease is noted. It is presumed that the causes for such exclusion from work can be sought in technological and organisational changes of those works. Those changes were in Sweden carried out faster and more thorough than in other states of the European Union. The standpoints and values, which are rounded up in the term “The Swedish model of a working life” became the strategy for systematic excluding of working potentials of the immigrants.

ABSTRACT
Differences in the degree of unemployment among the native and the immigrated population are characteristic for the whole Europe. Particularly big are those differences in Sweden. The presented results are the product of two researches of posts that by tradition employed a large number of less qualified immigrants, and where decrease is noted. It is presumed that the causes for such exclusion from work can be sought in technological and organisational changes of those works. Those changes were in Sweden carried out faster and more thorough than in other states of the European Union. The standpoints and values, which are rounded up in the term “The Swedish model of a working life” became the strategy for systematic excluding of working potentials of the immigrants.

ABSTRACT
The contribution analyses the connections between multiculturality, unemployment and self-employment on the case of Berlin and its Turkish ethnic economy. Five attributes characterise the Turkish work sphere: heterogeneity, hybridity, professionalism, internationalisation, and interest of the state. The consequences of those attributes are partly contradictory. On the one hand they stress the significance of the concept of the Turkish economy. On the other hand, until recently not known respect, appreciation and popularity of the Turkish ethnic economy reveal. The mentioned contrast is being understood as a new proof of the significance of multiculturalism in Germany and the relation of Germans towards immigrants. The acknowledgement of their presence in the society lead to a high growth of self-employment, which is one of the solutions for non-employment, and a path to integration. The consequence is the economic dimension of multiculturalism, thus ideology, which contains ethnic pluralism as a positive element. A critical analysis of that ideology is given in the conclusion.

ABSTRACT
The contribution analyses the connections between multiculturality, unemployment and self-employment on the case of Berlin and its Turkish ethnic economy. Five attributes characterise the Turkish work sphere: heterogeneity, hybridity, professionalism, internationalisation, and interest of the state. The consequences of those attributes are partly contradictory. On the one hand they stress the significance of the concept of the Turkish economy. On the other hand, until recently not known respect, appreciation and popularity of the Turkish ethnic economy reveal. The mentioned contrast is being understood as a new proof of the significance of multiculturalism in Germany and the relation of Germans towards immigrants. The acknowledgement of their presence in the society lead to a high growth of self-employment, which is one of the solutions for non-employment, and a path to integration. The consequence is the economic dimension of multiculturalism, thus ideology, which contains ethnic pluralism as a positive element. A critical analysis of that ideology is given in the conclusion.