The article discusses people smuggling within the European border regime, namely, the right to asylum, the demonization of smugglers, and the paradox of the criminalization of solidarity. As a commercial, illegal service, people smuggling can be seen as the opposite of solidarity with people on the move. Anti-smuggling laws blur their differences since the material benefit of helping people on the move does not qualify as criminal activity. The author presents the embeddedness of the smuggling-solidarity antagonism within the context of violent borders and state persecution. She concludes that solidarity practices are protests against, whereas smuggling is the effect of violent borders.
KEYWORDS: migration, violent borders, asylum, solidarity, people smuggling, activism

The article discusses people smuggling within the European border regime, namely, the right to asylum, the demonization of smugglers, and the paradox of the criminalization of solidarity. As a commercial, illegal service, people smuggling can be seen as the opposite of solidarity with people on the move. Anti-smuggling laws blur their differences since the material benefit of helping people on the move does not qualify as criminal activity. The author presents the embeddedness of the smuggling-solidarity antagonism within the context of violent borders and state persecution. She concludes that solidarity practices are protests against, whereas smuggling is the effect of violent borders.
KEYWORDS: migration, violent borders, asylum, solidarity, people smuggling, activism

This paper delves into the life story of the missionary and award-winning writer Marija Sreš, opening up new avenues of engaging the subject of female migrations. Its primary concern is to highlight the combined religious and secular calling in the life journey and literary output of this Sister, who often transcended designated gender roles. Her story is read against the wider context of the Catholic International of the 1970s. Religion is seen to inspire her social commitment, offering her both social legiti­mation for female action and agency as well as the possibilities for self-realization (also through writing).
KEYWORDS: Marija Sreš, missionary literature, female missionary migration, Catholic International, India

This paper delves into the life story of the missionary and award-winning writer Marija Sreš, opening up new avenues of engaging the subject of female migrations. Its primary concern is to highlight the combined religious and secular calling in the life journey and literary output of this Sister, who often transcended designated gender roles. Her story is read against the wider context of the Catholic International of the 1970s. Religion is seen to inspire her social commitment, offering her both social legiti­mation for female action and agency as well as the possibilities for self-realization (also through writing).
KEYWORDS: Marija Sreš, missionary literature, female missionary migration, Catholic International, India

The author analyzes the life of Bara Remec as an artist, teacher, refugee, mountain­eer, philanthropist, woman. The well-known painter of the Slovenian diaspora lived in Ljubljana, studied in Zagreb, and found refuge in post-war Argentina. The biography of Bara Remec is based on many sources, among which we can find only a few inter­views with the artist and ego-records of her contemporaries. In addition to the methodological challenges that the author faced when writing the portrait, the focus is on lesser-known data and focal points from the painter’s life, embedded in the migra­tion, gender, and identity issues of the period in which she lived.
KEYWORDS: Bara Remec, Argentina, migration, artist, biography

The author analyzes the life of Bara Remec as an artist, teacher, refugee, mountain­eer, philanthropist, woman. The well-known painter of the Slovenian diaspora lived in Ljubljana, studied in Zagreb, and found refuge in post-war Argentina. The biography of Bara Remec is based on many sources, among which we can find only a few inter­views with the artist and ego-records of her contemporaries. In addition to the methodological challenges that the author faced when writing the portrait, the focus is on lesser-known data and focal points from the painter’s life, embedded in the migra­tion, gender, and identity issues of the period in which she lived.
KEYWORDS: Bara Remec, Argentina, migration, artist, biography

This article presents the life story of Slovenian emigrant Dr. Branislava Sušnik. It evaluates her scientific research work in the historical anthropology, ethnography, ethno­linguistics, and museology of Paraguay. It exposes the importance of her research in American studies and its public reception in Paraguay. It also draws attention to the inappropriate attitude of the Slovenian professional community toward her scientific achievements. Until now, Slovenian ethnology and cultural anthropology have failed to evaluate her scientific work. In conclusion, the article proposes the professional and personal recognition of Dr. Sušnik and the translation and inclusion of her key works into the heritage of Slovenian scientific achievements.
KEYWORDS: Branislava Sušnik, Paraguay, historical anthropology, ethnolinguistics, indigenous people

This article presents the life story of Slovenian emigrant Dr. Branislava Sušnik. It evaluates her scientific research work in the historical anthropology, ethnography, ethno­linguistics, and museology of Paraguay. It exposes the importance of her research in American studies and its public reception in Paraguay. It also draws attention to the inappropriate attitude of the Slovenian professional community toward her scientific achievements. Until now, Slovenian ethnology and cultural anthropology have failed to evaluate her scientific work. In conclusion, the article proposes the professional and personal recognition of Dr. Sušnik and the translation and inclusion of her key works into the heritage of Slovenian scientific achievements.
KEYWORDS: Branislava Sušnik, Paraguay, historical anthropology, ethnolinguistics, indigenous people

The article presents the life and research of Branislava Sušnik, who fled Slovenia after World War II, emigrating first to Argentina and eventually to Paraguay. In Paraguay, she worked in ethnolinguistics, anthropology, and the cultural history of Paraguayan indigenous peoples. The article mainly analyzes her migration experiences, her connections with the homeland, and particularly the images of Branislava Sušnik as a migrant scientist constructed in the publications of the Slovenian diaspora in Argentina.
KEYWORDS: Branislava Sušnik, Slovenian diaspora in Argentina, Paraguay, migrant scientist

The article presents the life and research of Branislava Sušnik, who fled Slovenia after World War II, emigrating first to Argentina and eventually to Paraguay. In Paraguay, she worked in ethnolinguistics, anthropology, and the cultural history of Paraguayan indigenous peoples. The article mainly analyzes her migration experiences, her connections with the homeland, and particularly the images of Branislava Sušnik as a migrant scientist constructed in the publications of the Slovenian diaspora in Argentina.
KEYWORDS: Branislava Sušnik, Slovenian diaspora in Argentina, Paraguay, migrant scientist