The article analyzes the role of Slovene servants—mostly immigrants from the surrounding Slovenian basin and nearby Austrian lands—during the 1910 census in Trieste. The focus is on their autonomous behavior regarding the dependent position within households and the public pressure of (Slovene and Italian) national elites in the city. With the public discourse, archival material, and quantitative analysis of a sample of census polls, the research synthesizes the importance of data such as the language of communication and the servants’ places of origin. It then interpretively places them in the context of (national) identity.
Keywords: Slovene servants, immigrants, (national) identity, national elites, 1910 census, Trst/Trieste

The article analyzes the role of Slovene servants—mostly immigrants from the surrounding Slovenian basin and nearby Austrian lands—during the 1910 census in Trieste. The focus is on their autonomous behavior regarding the dependent position within households and the public pressure of (Slovene and Italian) national elites in the city. With the public discourse, archival material, and quantitative analysis of a sample of census polls, the research synthesizes the importance of data such as the language of communication and the servants’ places of origin. It then interpretively places them in the context of (national) identity.
Keywords: Slovene servants, immigrants, (national) identity, national elites, 1910 census, Trst/Trieste

The paper looks at perceptions of aging among elderly Iranian migrants in Nevsehir, Turkey. The author explores how socioeconomic and cultural factors and the transit migrant status of these migrants affect their perceptions of aging. The study used a semi-structured questionnaire to conduct in-depth interviews. It suggests that wage discrimination plays a significant role in determining the respondents’ perceptions of aging due to the lack of official work permits for Iranian migrants. It also explores how the transit migrant status of elderly Iranian migrants and the uncertainty of their stay in Turkey restrict their social networks and access to social protection, sharply shaping their perceptions of aging.
Keywords: perception, elderly Iranian migrant, transit migration, aging, Turkey

The paper looks at perceptions of aging among elderly Iranian migrants in Nevsehir, Turkey. The author explores how socioeconomic and cultural factors and the transit migrant status of these migrants affect their perceptions of aging. The study used a semi-structured questionnaire to conduct in-depth interviews. It suggests that wage discrimination plays a significant role in determining the respondents’ perceptions of aging due to the lack of official work permits for Iranian migrants. It also explores how the transit migrant status of elderly Iranian migrants and the uncertainty of their stay in Turkey restrict their social networks and access to social protection, sharply shaping their perceptions of aging.
Keywords: perception, elderly Iranian migrant, transit migration, aging, Turkey

The article examines the response of a united representation of Cold War era exiles (Assembly of Captive European Nations, ACEN) to the Moscow-inspired repatriation campaign of 1955. The article’s focus rests on the US-sponsored exile political activities carried under the aegis of the Free Europe Committee. The year 1955 serves as a particularly interesting moment when both key adversaries in the Cold War were engaged in programs using migration as a tool to advance their political goals. The issue of political exiles’ agency is signaled based on the Polish case in the context of American redefection programs and Washington’s response to the Soviet Bloc campaign to demoralize anti-communist escapees and induce their return.
Keywords: repatriation campaign, Cold War, political exile, Assembly of Captive European Nations

The article examines the response of a united representation of Cold War era exiles (Assembly of Captive European Nations, ACEN) to the Moscow-inspired repatriation campaign of 1955. The article’s focus rests on the US-sponsored exile political activities carried under the aegis of the Free Europe Committee. The year 1955 serves as a particularly interesting moment when both key adversaries in the Cold War were engaged in programs using migration as a tool to advance their political goals. The issue of political exiles’ agency is signaled based on the Polish case in the context of American redefection programs and Washington’s response to the Soviet Bloc campaign to demoralize anti-communist escapees and induce their return.
Keywords: repatriation campaign, Cold War, political exile, Assembly of Captive European Nations

The article examines specific aspects of the humanitarian engagement of Yugoslav immigrants in the United States during World War II. In addition, it aims to highlight how particular ideological, political, and ethnonational views were expressed through the organization, cooperation, and engagement in humanitarian actions. The article reviews the engagement of the United Committee of South-Slavic Americans (UCSSA), an organization whose one activity was sending aid to vulnerable compatriots in the old homeland. It also sheds light on a specific endeavor, namely, the process of loading the Yugoslav ship with humanitarian aid for the partisans and civilians in the liberated parts of Yugoslavia.
Keywords: United Committee of South-Slavic Americans, War Relief Fund of Americans of South Slavic Descent, Yugoslav immigration, humanitarian aid

The article examines specific aspects of the humanitarian engagement of Yugoslav immigrants in the United States during World War II. In addition, it aims to highlight how particular ideological, political, and ethnonational views were expressed through the organization, cooperation, and engagement in humanitarian actions. The article reviews the engagement of the United Committee of South-Slavic Americans (UCSSA), an organization whose one activity was sending aid to vulnerable compatriots in the old homeland. It also sheds light on a specific endeavor, namely, the process of loading the Yugoslav ship with humanitarian aid for the partisans and civilians in the liberated parts of Yugoslavia.
Keywords: United Committee of South-Slavic Americans, War Relief Fund of Americans of South Slavic Descent, Yugoslav immigration, humanitarian aid

By examining the cases of emigrants coming from the Julian March to Argentina and Prekmurje to the United States, the article evaluates state-diaspora relations in the interwar context of shifting borders and changing political regimes. Whereas the Slovene-speaking population of Prekmurje, due to lasting Hungarian influence, was reluctant to embrace the Yugoslav idea, Slovene and Croat emigrants from the Julian March were fond of it. Assessing the methods of the Yugoslav extraterritorial nation-building process and emigrants’ identifications, the author suggests that while Prekmurje emigrants maintained their non-national identity, the Julian March diaspora developed its own vision of the Yugoslav “homeland.”
Keywords: disputed territories, state-diaspora relations, Julian March, Prekmurje, interwar Yugoslavia

By examining the cases of emigrants coming from the Julian March to Argentina and Prekmurje to the United States, the article evaluates state-diaspora relations in the interwar context of shifting borders and changing political regimes. Whereas the Slovene-speaking population of Prekmurje, due to lasting Hungarian influence, was reluctant to embrace the Yugoslav idea, Slovene and Croat emigrants from the Julian March were fond of it. Assessing the methods of the Yugoslav extraterritorial nation-building process and emigrants’ identifications, the author suggests that while Prekmurje emigrants maintained their non-national identity, the Julian March diaspora developed its own vision of the Yugoslav “homeland.”
Keywords: disputed territories, state-diaspora relations, Julian March, Prekmurje, interwar Yugoslavia