Labor migration has long shaped Slovenia’s labor market, through historicallyestablished arrivals from the former Yugoslav region, often referred to as part ofthe Western Balkans. Persisting labor market shortages—driven by demographicdecline, low unemployment, and sectoral imbalances—have recently intensifiedcompetition for workers across the EU. As inflows from EU states remain limited,Slovenia has diversified its recruitment, with rising migration from Asia. It has signeda Memorandum of Understanding with the Philippines on cooperation in laborrelations and employment. The article examines policy developments and labormarketdata on foreign workers from 2010 to 2024, evaluating the interplay betweenlabor shortages, employer demand, and the governance of labor migration.
KEYWORDS: labor market shortages, labor migration, Slovenia, Western Balkans, Asia

Labor migration has long shaped Slovenia’s labor market, through historicallyestablished arrivals from the former Yugoslav region, often referred to as part ofthe Western Balkans. Persisting labor market shortages—driven by demographicdecline, low unemployment, and sectoral imbalances—have recently intensifiedcompetition for workers across the EU. As inflows from EU states remain limited,Slovenia has diversified its recruitment, with rising migration from Asia. It has signeda Memorandum of Understanding with the Philippines on cooperation in laborrelations and employment. The article examines policy developments and labormarketdata on foreign workers from 2010 to 2024, evaluating the interplay betweenlabor shortages, employer demand, and the governance of labor migration.
KEYWORDS: labor market shortages, labor migration, Slovenia, Western Balkans, Asia

The article brings together important Spanish-, Portuguese-, and English-languagesources on the Chaco War and sets them alongside Russian sources on Russianimmigrants in Paraguay in the 1920s and 1930s. The most important among themwas the former Russian general, Ivan T. Belaieff, who began laying the foundationsfor a modern military defense plan that proved crucial to Paraguay’s later victoryover Bolivia in the Chaco War. Even before the war, he explored the entire Chacoregion and built the first bridge between Indigenous tribes and the Paraguayangovernment. During the war, he served as an advisor to the Supreme General Staff,and a strong Russian immigrant community formed around.
KEYWORDS: Paraguay, Bolivia, Chaco War, Russian immigrants, Indigenous people

The article brings together important Spanish-, Portuguese-, and English-languagesources on the Chaco War and sets them alongside Russian sources on Russianimmigrants in Paraguay in the 1920s and 1930s. The most important among themwas the former Russian general, Ivan T. Belaieff, who began laying the foundationsfor a modern military defense plan that proved crucial to Paraguay’s later victoryover Bolivia in the Chaco War. Even before the war, he explored the entire Chacoregion and built the first bridge between Indigenous tribes and the Paraguayangovernment. During the war, he served as an advisor to the Supreme General Staff,and a strong Russian immigrant community formed around.
KEYWORDS: Paraguay, Bolivia, Chaco War, Russian immigrants, Indigenous people

The émigré author France Papež belongs to the postwar political emigration thatfound its second home in Argentina. In this article, the author analyzes how thethemes of exile, dual identity, and reflections on existential questions shape theimage of the homeland in Papež’s narrative and poetic work. Based on Rushdie’stheory of the imaginary homeland and Boym’s typology of nostalgia, the analysisshows that Papež’s imaginary homeland is represented by his native places as theywere before World War II. The central message of his oeuvre is that while emigrantsmust not forget their language, faith, and culture, they must also adapt to their newenvironment and remain positive.
KEYWORDS: France Papež, Argentina, Slovenian Cultural Action, imaginaryhomeland, nostalgia

The émigré author France Papež belongs to the postwar political emigration thatfound its second home in Argentina. In this article, the author analyzes how thethemes of exile, dual identity, and reflections on existential questions shape theimage of the homeland in Papež’s narrative and poetic work. Based on Rushdie’stheory of the imaginary homeland and Boym’s typology of nostalgia, the analysisshows that Papež’s imaginary homeland is represented by his native places as theywere before World War II. The central message of his oeuvre is that while emigrantsmust not forget their language, faith, and culture, they must also adapt to their newenvironment and remain positive.
KEYWORDS: France Papež, Argentina, Slovenian Cultural Action, imaginaryhomeland, nostalgia

This article analyzes selected prose by Goran Vojnović, a younger-generation authorwho writes in multiple linguistic codes. Marko Đorđić and Vladan Borojević, thebilingual protagonists of Čefurji raus! (Southern Scum, Go Home!) and Jugoslavija,moja dežela (Yugoslavia, My Fatherland), tell intimate stories about the lives of thedescendants of immigrants from the former Yugoslavia. Through examples of codealternation in different speech situations, the article illustrates the specific literaryconstruction of the language of the immigrant community and its descendantsand explores the ideological functions of language and literary representations ofvarious forms of multilingualism.KEYWORDS: literary discourse, multilingualism, migrant community, discourse ofnostalgia, discourse of subculture

This article analyzes selected prose by Goran Vojnović, a younger-generation authorwho writes in multiple linguistic codes. Marko Đorđić and Vladan Borojević, thebilingual protagonists of Čefurji raus! (Southern Scum, Go Home!) and Jugoslavija,moja dežela (Yugoslavia, My Fatherland), tell intimate stories about the lives of thedescendants of immigrants from the former Yugoslavia. Through examples of codealternation in different speech situations, the article illustrates the specific literaryconstruction of the language of the immigrant community and its descendantsand explores the ideological functions of language and literary representations ofvarious forms of multilingualism.KEYWORDS: literary discourse, multilingualism, migrant community, discourse ofnostalgia, discourse of subculture

Immigrant dictionaries are intended for immigrants in a new cultural context; theycontain specialized lemmas and information targeted at immigrants’ specific needs.Advertisements in such dictionaries both address the new cultural reality and helpshape immigrants’ cultural identity. This article analyzes advertisements in twodictionaries for the Slovenian–English language pair. The advertisements promotebankers and notaries, newspapers, publishing houses, and steamship companies,and they reflect immigrants’ acculturation process. They are often targeted to users’interests in ways that are comparable to the personalization found in many of today’sonline dictionaries.
KEY WORDS: Slovenian immigrants to the United States, immigrant dictionary,advertisements, cultural identity, immigrant identity

Immigrant dictionaries are intended for immigrants in a new cultural context; theycontain specialized lemmas and information targeted at immigrants’ specific needs.Advertisements in such dictionaries both address the new cultural reality and helpshape immigrants’ cultural identity. This article analyzes advertisements in twodictionaries for the Slovenian–English language pair. The advertisements promotebankers and notaries, newspapers, publishing houses, and steamship companies,and they reflect immigrants’ acculturation process. They are often targeted to users’interests in ways that are comparable to the personalization found in many of today’sonline dictionaries.
KEY WORDS: Slovenian immigrants to the United States, immigrant dictionary,advertisements, cultural identity, immigrant identity