In recent years, it has been observed that workers who are being posted to provide services in the EU Member States are not only EU nationals but also third-country nationals (TCNs). The overlap of migration, employment regimes, and cross-border mobility has been particularly notable in specific labor-intensive sectors in Slovenia, such as construction, where the overall share of posted TCNs has reached over 43%. The challenges and needs of the posting companies in accessing and using relevant information regarding the posting of TCNs that may be subject to additional country-specific conditions and regulations are manifold. The problem is exacerbated further when company owners are TCNs themselves. The article gives an overview of the challenges of the employers and TCN-posted workers in terms of their access and use of information on the posting of workers, focusing mainly on the impediments due to language barriers.
Keywords: posting of workers, third-country nationals, access to information, Slovenia

In recent years, it has been observed that workers who are being posted to provide services in the EU Member States are not only EU nationals but also third-country nationals (TCNs). The overlap of migration, employment regimes, and cross-border mobility has been particularly notable in specific labor-intensive sectors in Slovenia, such as construction, where the overall share of posted TCNs has reached over 43%. The challenges and needs of the posting companies in accessing and using relevant information regarding the posting of TCNs that may be subject to additional country-specific conditions and regulations are manifold. The problem is exacerbated further when company owners are TCNs themselves. The article gives an overview of the challenges of the employers and TCN-posted workers in terms of their access and use of information on the posting of workers, focusing mainly on the impediments due to language barriers.
Keywords: posting of workers, third-country nationals, access to information, Slovenia

In this article, the authors examine information provision, access to rules on posting, and rule compliance by companies from the perspective of information providers and users. Using a mixed-method approach, they first study the role of access to information for rule compliance in the posting of workers in Austria and then discuss company-level factors that may mitigate this relationship. The analysis is based on an original dataset of 36 mapped information channels available in Austria, 10 interviews with information providers, and the results of a new company survey conducted in Austria with 26 respondents from individual construction companies. The assessment of the channels of information, the practices of information providers, and the companies’ experiences, challenges, and needs provides a nuanced understanding of company behavior regarding rule compliance in the posting of workers. The findings reveal a potentially important link between the access to and use of information on the rules about the posting of workers as a relevant factor in rule compliance, which is recognized by both the supply side and the demand side.
Keywords: posting of workers, construction companies, rule compliance, access to information, Austria

In this article, the authors examine information provision, access to rules on posting, and rule compliance by companies from the perspective of information providers and users. Using a mixed-method approach, they first study the role of access to information for rule compliance in the posting of workers in Austria and then discuss company-level factors that may mitigate this relationship. The analysis is based on an original dataset of 36 mapped information channels available in Austria, 10 interviews with information providers, and the results of a new company survey conducted in Austria with 26 respondents from individual construction companies. The assessment of the channels of information, the practices of information providers, and the companies’ experiences, challenges, and needs provides a nuanced understanding of company behavior regarding rule compliance in the posting of workers. The findings reveal a potentially important link between the access to and use of information on the rules about the posting of workers as a relevant factor in rule compliance, which is recognized by both the supply side and the demand side.
Keywords: posting of workers, construction companies, rule compliance, access to information, Austria

Despite being central to intra-EU posting, the service provider (“the posting company”) remains understudied by scholars. Aiming to close this gap, this study examines posting companies (incl. the self-employed) in Slovenia. By linking them to the Orbis database, an analysis of Slovenian companies that received one or more Portable Documents A1 in 2022 shows that 8% of construction and 4% of manufacturing companies provided services abroad, compared to less than 2% of all Slovenian companies. For these companies, posting employees abroad has become a “business model”, with an average of 61% of employees posted abroad and 93.5% of turnover earned from exporting goods or providing services abroad.
Keywords: Slovenia, freedom to provide services, posting companies, characteristics, business model

Despite being central to intra-EU posting, the service provider (“the posting company”) remains understudied by scholars. Aiming to close this gap, this study examines posting companies (incl. the self-employed) in Slovenia. By linking them to the Orbis database, an analysis of Slovenian companies that received one or more Portable Documents A1 in 2022 shows that 8% of construction and 4% of manufacturing companies provided services abroad, compared to less than 2% of all Slovenian companies. For these companies, posting employees abroad has become a “business model”, with an average of 61% of employees posted abroad and 93.5% of turnover earned from exporting goods or providing services abroad.
Keywords: Slovenia, freedom to provide services, posting companies, characteristics, business model

This special thematic section explores and provides new evidence at the nexus between company profiles, access to information, and rule compliance. The three articles of the special thematic section are based on research conducted in the frame of the transnational research project titled “Assessment of the channels of information and their use in the posting of workers” (INFO-POW), co-funded by the European Commission and implemented in Austria, Belgium, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia during 2022–2024.

This special thematic section explores and provides new evidence at the nexus between company profiles, access to information, and rule compliance. The three articles of the special thematic section are based on research conducted in the frame of the transnational research project titled “Assessment of the channels of information and their use in the posting of workers” (INFO-POW), co-funded by the European Commission and implemented in Austria, Belgium, Italy, Slovakia, and Slovenia during 2022–2024.

The article explores Sudanese migration, destination countries, motivation factors, and gender roles. An online survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020–2021. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the findings reveal that the main reasons for migration were lack of jobs and low salaries. Other factors included a commitment to success, corruption, and time consumption in government institutions. Arab Gulf countries were the primary destination for economic migration, followed by Europe. More females, despite the restriction of culture and tradition, are seeing migration as a means to establish their projects to help others. Sudanese migration identified more youth, regardless of migration type. Remittances had a greater positive impact on households than on the country in general.

Keywords: the role of gender, households, push factors, remittances, Sudanese migration

The article explores Sudanese migration, destination countries, motivation factors, and gender roles. An online survey was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic between 2020–2021. Using both qualitative and quantitative methods, the findings reveal that the main reasons for migration were lack of jobs and low salaries. Other factors included a commitment to success, corruption, and time consumption in government institutions. Arab Gulf countries were the primary destination for economic migration, followed by Europe. More females, despite the restriction of culture and tradition, are seeing migration as a means to establish their projects to help others. Sudanese migration identified more youth, regardless of migration type. Remittances had a greater positive impact on households than on the country in general.

Keywords: the role of gender, households, push factors, remittances, Sudanese migration