1 / 1990

Janja Žitnik Serafin

The Delay in Slovene Publication of The Eagle and the Roots

The paper treats the circumstances which have resulted in an eighteen-year delay in publication of the Slovene edition of The Eagle and the Roots, the last book by the Slovene-American author Louis Adamic. It initially explains that the Slovene edition is an authentic translation of the unabridged American edition and not a much censored version, as general opinion would wrongly have it. The opinions of some of the author’s contemporaries on the reasons for the delay in publication of the Slovene edition and a comment upon the supposition that Adamic was killed by agents o f the Yugoslav government are followed by an insight into the disagreement between Adamic and the Yugoslav political leadership in the years 1949-51. First presented are the obstacles which lay in the way of Adamic’s cooperation with the Yugoslavs regarding the preparation o f a Slovene and a partial Serbo-Croatian translation of the book The Eagle and the Roots. The author identifies the reasons why Adamic’s text was unacceptable in Yugoslavia during the 1950’s by offering a short review of the most disputable political aspects and of the methodological approaches in this, Adamic’s last book. They are: Adamic’s viewpoint about the Yugoslav-Soviet split and about the necessity for economic aid from the United States to Yugoslavia; his indirect criticism of privileges given to Yugoslav state dignitaries; his view of the justification for existing government property in Yugoslavia; and his stressing of the need for internal democratization in the country, including the delivery of more information to both domestic and foreign publics - matters which, in that system , one could not discuss openly in a literary work intended for a broad readership. Besides that, some people were upset by Adamic’s free interpretation of his discussions with Yugoslav politicians and other public workers and by his peculiar approach to the biography of president Tito. It is possible, however, that further research could prove that all these elements are only secondary factors in the sudden »distance« our politicians took soon after Louis Adamic’s last return to the United States.

 

1 / 1990

Janja Žitnik Serafin

The Delay in Slovene Publication of The Eagle and the Roots

The paper treats the circumstances which have resulted in an eighteen-year delay in publication of the Slovene edition of The Eagle and the Roots, the last book by the Slovene-American author Louis Adamic. It initially explains that the Slovene edition is an authentic translation of the unabridged American edition and not a much censored version, as general opinion would wrongly have it. The opinions of some of the author’s contemporaries on the reasons for the delay in publication of the Slovene edition and a comment upon the supposition that Adamic was killed by agents o f the Yugoslav government are followed by an insight into the disagreement between Adamic and the Yugoslav political leadership in the years 1949-51. First presented are the obstacles which lay in the way of Adamic’s cooperation with the Yugoslavs regarding the preparation o f a Slovene and a partial Serbo-Croatian translation of the book The Eagle and the Roots. The author identifies the reasons why Adamic’s text was unacceptable in Yugoslavia during the 1950’s by offering a short review of the most disputable political aspects and of the methodological approaches in this, Adamic’s last book. They are: Adamic’s viewpoint about the Yugoslav-Soviet split and about the necessity for economic aid from the United States to Yugoslavia; his indirect criticism of privileges given to Yugoslav state dignitaries; his view of the justification for existing government property in Yugoslavia; and his stressing of the need for internal democratization in the country, including the delivery of more information to both domestic and foreign publics - matters which, in that system , one could not discuss openly in a literary work intended for a broad readership. Besides that, some people were upset by Adamic’s free interpretation of his discussions with Yugoslav politicians and other public workers and by his peculiar approach to the biography of president Tito. It is possible, however, that further research could prove that all these elements are only secondary factors in the sudden »distance« our politicians took soon after Louis Adamic’s last return to the United States.

 

1 / 1990

Jerneja Petrič

Emigrant Autobiography in the United States - A Case of Slovene Americans

The intention of this article is not a theoretical discourse on the autobiographic literary style, but an outline of autobiographies written by Slovene emigrants to the USA, their earliest literary efforts. The author establishes that emigrant autobiographies cannot be evaluated from a strictly literary-artistic point of view. Other factors, such as their role in maintaining the Slovene identity, their importance for history, their popularity among the emigrants, as well as other similar matters, must be taken into account; Autobiographies are divided into two groups: older autobiographies of missionaries and younger lay autobiographies.  Characteristics of common traits and differences between the two groups are listed, and emphasis is given to the fact that as a rule, the authors regularly focus on some basic problem witch they then elaborate. The author argues that, with their autobiographies, Slovene emigrants have fit well into USA ethnic literature, a literature witch has gained acceptance in the last two decades.

1 / 1990

Jerneja Petrič

Emigrant Autobiography in the United States - A Case of Slovene Americans

The intention of this article is not a theoretical discourse on the autobiographic literary style, but an outline of autobiographies written by Slovene emigrants to the USA, their earliest literary efforts. The author establishes that emigrant autobiographies cannot be evaluated from a strictly literary-artistic point of view. Other factors, such as their role in maintaining the Slovene identity, their importance for history, their popularity among the emigrants, as well as other similar matters, must be taken into account; Autobiographies are divided into two groups: older autobiographies of missionaries and younger lay autobiographies.  Characteristics of common traits and differences between the two groups are listed, and emphasis is given to the fact that as a rule, the authors regularly focus on some basic problem witch they then elaborate. The author argues that, with their autobiographies, Slovene emigrants have fit well into USA ethnic literature, a literature witch has gained acceptance in the last two decades.

1 / 1990

Irena Birsa

Ethnic Radio in Australia and Slovene Language Broadcasting: Delevopment and Direction

This paper shows how the Slovenes in Melbourne have been actively involved with ethnic radio since the early 1970`s. The radio program contents reveal the attitudinal characteristics of the Slovene community in this city. For example, the first generation, especially the older settlers, want increased contact with ''home'', through news from Slovenia, and they retain a nostalgic perception of their homeland. This is reflected in their preference for folkloric elements of Slovene radio, seeing it as irrelevant to their needs. This situation indirectly shows how ethnic radio does not fulfil one of its objectives. That of bridging the culture gap between emigrants and their children. The research is based upon interviews with broadcasters and listeners and upon my own experience in working on ethnic radio.

1 / 1990

Irena Birsa

Ethnic Radio in Australia and Slovene Language Broadcasting: Delevopment and Direction

This paper shows how the Slovenes in Melbourne have been actively involved with ethnic radio since the early 1970`s. The radio program contents reveal the attitudinal characteristics of the Slovene community in this city. For example, the first generation, especially the older settlers, want increased contact with ''home'', through news from Slovenia, and they retain a nostalgic perception of their homeland. This is reflected in their preference for folkloric elements of Slovene radio, seeing it as irrelevant to their needs. This situation indirectly shows how ethnic radio does not fulfil one of its objectives. That of bridging the culture gap between emigrants and their children. The research is based upon interviews with broadcasters and listeners and upon my own experience in working on ethnic radio.

1 / 1990

Rado L. Lencek

Problems and Perspectives of Ethnic Identification: Withering Away or Reaffirmation?

Slovene emigrants who went to the USA after World War Two radically differ from the previous generations in their considerably higher degree of education, general knowledge and proficiency in English. On the basic of his own experience, the author lists some characteristics of this group, its attitude toward other emigrants and toward the research on its own ethnic heritage. Among other thinks he ascertains that American Slovenes preserve their language in the first generation, but really in the second. They keep it a little longer in their religious practice but never in their public lives. The higher the educational level they brought into the States, the longer they cling to the Slovene language and their ethnic identity. On the other hand, the higher the level of education they have acquired in English, the faster and easier they become “Americanised”.

1 / 1990

Rado L. Lencek

Problems and Perspectives of Ethnic Identification: Withering Away or Reaffirmation?

Slovene emigrants who went to the USA after World War Two radically differ from the previous generations in their considerably higher degree of education, general knowledge and proficiency in English. On the basic of his own experience, the author lists some characteristics of this group, its attitude toward other emigrants and toward the research on its own ethnic heritage. Among other thinks he ascertains that American Slovenes preserve their language in the first generation, but really in the second. They keep it a little longer in their religious practice but never in their public lives. The higher the educational level they brought into the States, the longer they cling to the Slovene language and their ethnic identity. On the other hand, the higher the level of education they have acquired in English, the faster and easier they become “Americanised”.

1 / 1990

Marjan Drnovšek

The Activity of Tomo Brejc among Slovene Emigrants in France during the Years 1936-39

This treatise deals with the Communist Party activities of Tomo Brejc among Slovene emigrants in France during the years 1936-39. The wave of Slovene economic emigrants after World War I peeked just before the great economic crisis at the beginning of the Thirties. A majority of the Slovene miners who entered the French Communist Party and the communist syndicate C.G.T.U. had socialist and communist principles, and during the People's front movement, they actively intervened in public life. Tomo Brejc was active among the emigrants as a Party instructor and editor of their gazette, Glas izseljencev (spring 1936-39). The politically lively pre-war years had their influence on this group of Slovene emigrants to France as well. Thus, it is not surprising that many collaborated in the French resistance during World War II.

1 / 1990

Marjan Drnovšek

The Activity of Tomo Brejc among Slovene Emigrants in France during the Years 1936-39

This treatise deals with the Communist Party activities of Tomo Brejc among Slovene emigrants in France during the years 1936-39. The wave of Slovene economic emigrants after World War I peeked just before the great economic crisis at the beginning of the Thirties. A majority of the Slovene miners who entered the French Communist Party and the communist syndicate C.G.T.U. had socialist and communist principles, and during the People's front movement, they actively intervened in public life. Tomo Brejc was active among the emigrants as a Party instructor and editor of their gazette, Glas izseljencev (spring 1936-39). The politically lively pre-war years had their influence on this group of Slovene emigrants to France as well. Thus, it is not surprising that many collaborated in the French resistance during World War II.