ABSTRACT
The article highlights some of the meanings and roles of music and music-related activities among the Slovenian emigrant communities in Switzerland. As it gradually becomes a part of the new setting, shaping and reshaping the cultural life, there is at the same time an increase in musical creativity, which is used in migrant processes for establishing relations toward the old, original environment and toward the new environment; however, within the newly established communities, music serves as a medium for creating communities and establishing new relationships toward other communities and toward the members. The paper gives a few examples that show how and why music is used, the role it plays in the emigrant community in question, and attempts to understand what is reflected through music and musical life.
KEYWORDS: music, emigrants, Switzerland, role of music in migration, meaning of music in migration

ABSTRACT
The article highlights some of the meanings and roles of music and music-related activities among the Slovenian emigrant communities in Switzerland. As it gradually becomes a part of the new setting, shaping and reshaping the cultural life, there is at the same time an increase in musical creativity, which is used in migrant processes for establishing relations toward the old, original environment and toward the new environment; however, within the newly established communities, music serves as a medium for creating communities and establishing new relationships toward other communities and toward the members. The paper gives a few examples that show how and why music is used, the role it plays in the emigrant community in question, and attempts to understand what is reflected through music and musical life.
KEYWORDS: music, emigrants, Switzerland, role of music in migration, meaning of music in migration

ABSTRACT
The paper examines the migratory processes through the port of Trieste and the role that it played in international overseas emigration from the 1880s to 1914. The focus is on the failed attempt to establish routes for emigrants via Trieste in 1888/89; the late entrance of the main Austro-Hungarian port into the international maritime migratory business and its role within transatlantic migratory movements from Eastern and Southeastern Europe, especially within emigration from the Austro-Hungarian area itself; the organizational aspects of the traffic and the problems faced by the companies, the municipality and the emigrants due to a lack of suitable accommodations, and the implications the increasing flow of emigrants had for public order and everyday life in the city. Attention is also paid to migration currents that bypassed Trieste and to the role of Ljubljana as a hub of emigration.
KEY WORDS: overseas migration, transmigration, organizational aspects of migration, Trieste, Ljubljana

ABSTRACT
The paper examines the migratory processes through the port of Trieste and the role that it played in international overseas emigration from the 1880s to 1914. The focus is on the failed attempt to establish routes for emigrants via Trieste in 1888/89; the late entrance of the main Austro-Hungarian port into the international maritime migratory business and its role within transatlantic migratory movements from Eastern and Southeastern Europe, especially within emigration from the Austro-Hungarian area itself; the organizational aspects of the traffic and the problems faced by the companies, the municipality and the emigrants due to a lack of suitable accommodations, and the implications the increasing flow of emigrants had for public order and everyday life in the city. Attention is also paid to migration currents that bypassed Trieste and to the role of Ljubljana as a hub of emigration.
KEY WORDS: overseas migration, transmigration, organizational aspects of migration, Trieste, Ljubljana

ABSTRACT
In this study we sought to understand the transnational linkages and “ways of belonging” of Bangladeshi migrants in Italy with their country of origin. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied. A total of 100 Bangladeshis were surveyed and 12 Bangladeshi migrants from the Province of Padova, Italy were subsequently interviewed. The findings of the study reveal that a high proportion of Bangladeshi migrants who participated in the study have strong transnational linkages with their homeland. They send remittances, maintain communication and visit their families, relatives, friends and others who live in their ancestral villages and towns in Bangladesh. The empirical findings also indicate strong transnational ways of belonging to their homeland. 
KEY WORDS: transmigrants, transnational ties, ways of belonging, Bangladeshi migrants, Italy.

ABSTRACT
In this study we sought to understand the transnational linkages and “ways of belonging” of Bangladeshi migrants in Italy with their country of origin. Both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were applied. A total of 100 Bangladeshis were surveyed and 12 Bangladeshi migrants from the Province of Padova, Italy were subsequently interviewed. The findings of the study reveal that a high proportion of Bangladeshi migrants who participated in the study have strong transnational linkages with their homeland. They send remittances, maintain communication and visit their families, relatives, friends and others who live in their ancestral villages and towns in Bangladesh. The empirical findings also indicate strong transnational ways of belonging to their homeland. 
KEY WORDS: transmigrants, transnational ties, ways of belonging, Bangladeshi migrants, Italy.

ABSTRACT

The large number of Croatians who live in Germany maintain connections with their homeland of varying strength and intensity. This article analyzes the life stories of Croatian emigrants living in Germany and the migration experiences of two families convinced of the temporariness of their living and working abroad. Their transnational activities are influenced by the structure and functionality of the families observed, which conduct transnational practices that connect two geographically distant areas. The experience of the descendants of Croatian emigrants is also analyzed, as is their degree of transnational connection with their country of origin. Migrations and the transnational experiences of every individual contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of global processes of migration. 
KEY WORDS: Germany, Croatian migrants, descendants of Croatian emigrants, family, transnationalism

ABSTRACT

The large number of Croatians who live in Germany maintain connections with their homeland of varying strength and intensity. This article analyzes the life stories of Croatian emigrants living in Germany and the migration experiences of two families convinced of the temporariness of their living and working abroad. Their transnational activities are influenced by the structure and functionality of the families observed, which conduct transnational practices that connect two geographically distant areas. The experience of the descendants of Croatian emigrants is also analyzed, as is their degree of transnational connection with their country of origin. Migrations and the transnational experiences of every individual contribute to a better knowledge and understanding of global processes of migration. 
KEY WORDS: Germany, Croatian migrants, descendants of Croatian emigrants, family, transnationalism

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the various contexts of the public education of immigrant students in Spain, bringing together the relevant body of literature from more than ten years of research. It provides a description of the distribution of immigrant students at the national and local level, elucidating an analysis of the perception and management of immigrant students within the Spanish education system, presenting the different types of classroom assistance provided for these students and the pivotal role of language management in school. The article concludes by presenting critical approaches to the problems discussed.
KEYWORDS: immigrants, education, migratory policy, integration, research

ABSTRACT
This article discusses the various contexts of the public education of immigrant students in Spain, bringing together the relevant body of literature from more than ten years of research. It provides a description of the distribution of immigrant students at the national and local level, elucidating an analysis of the perception and management of immigrant students within the Spanish education system, presenting the different types of classroom assistance provided for these students and the pivotal role of language management in school. The article concludes by presenting critical approaches to the problems discussed.
KEYWORDS: immigrants, education, migratory policy, integration, research